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CHAPTER V ASCETICISM AND THE SPIRIT OF CAPITALISM In order to understand the connection between the fundamental religious ideas of ascetic Protestantism and its maxims for everyday economic conduct, it is necessary to examine with especial care such writings as have evidently been derived from ministerial practice. For in a time in which the beyond meant everything, when the s..

CHAPTER IV THE RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS OF WORLDLY ASCETICISMIn history there have been four principal forms of ascetic Protestantism (in the sense of word here used): (1) Calvinism in the form which it assumed in the main area of its influence in Western Europe, especially in the seventeenth century; (2) Pietism; (3) Methodism; (4) the sects growing out of the Baptist movement. ..

CHAPTER III LUTHER'S CONCEPTION OF THE CALLING TASK OF THE INVESTIGATIONNow it is unmistakable that even in the German word Beruf, and perhaps still more clearly in the English calling, a religious conception, that of a task set by God, is at least suggested. The more emphasis is put upon the word in a concrete case, the more evident is the connotation. And if we trace the his..

CHAPTER II THE SPIRIT OF CAPITALISMIn the title of this study is used the somewhat pretentious phrase, the spirit of capitalism. What is to be understood by it? The attempt to give anything like a definition of it brings out certain difficulties which are in the very nature of this type of investigation. If any object can be found to which this term can be applied with any und..

CHAPTER 1 RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION AND SOCIAL STRATIFICATIONA glance at the occupational statistics of any country of mixed religious composition brings to light with remarkable frequency a situation which has several times provoked discussion in the Catholic press and literature, and in Catholic congresses in Germany, nam ely, the fact that business leaders and owners of capital..